Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki is a South African politician who served as the second President of South Africa from 1999 to 2008. He played a crucial role in the country\'s transition from apartheid to democracy.

*Early Life and Education*

Born on June 18, 1942, in Mbewuleni, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Mbeki is the son of Govan Mbeki, a prominent anti-apartheid activist. He studied at the University of London and later earned a Master\'s degree in economics from the University of Sussex.

*Anti-Apartheid Activism*

Mbeki joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1962 and worked tirelessly against apartheid. He spent time in exile in the United Kingdom and Zambia, serving as the ANC\'s information secretary.

*Key Roles*

1. *Deputy President (1994-1999)*: Mbeki served under President Nelson Mandela, overseeing economic policy and international relations.
2. *President (1999-2008)*: Mbeki focused on economic growth, poverty reduction, and regional integration.
3. *African Union Chairperson (2002-2003)*: Mbeki played a key role in establishing the African Union and promoting continental integration.

*Achievements*

1. *Economic Growth*: Mbeki\'s policies led to significant economic growth, with South Africa becoming one of Africa\'s largest economies.
2. *Poverty Reduction*: His government implemented programs to reduce poverty and inequality.
3. *Regional Integration*: Mbeki promoted regional cooperation through the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union.
4. *HIV/AIDS Policy*: Although initially criticized for his stance on HIV/AIDS, Mbeki\'s government later implemented effective treatment programs.

*Controversies*

1. *HIV/AIDS Denialism*: Mbeki\'s initial skepticism about the link between HIV and AIDS sparked controversy.
2. *Zimbabwe Policy*: His government\'s handling of the Zimbabwean crisis was criticized.
3. *ANC Leadership*: Mbeki faced opposition within the ANC, leading to his eventual recall as President.

*Legacy*

Mbeki\'s presidency marked significant progress in South Africa\'s development, but his legacy is also complex and contested.

*Awards and Recognition*

1. *Order of the Aztec Eagle (Mexico)*: Awarded for his contributions to international cooperation.
2. *Order of the Friendship of Peoples (Russia)*: Recognized for his efforts in promoting international relations.

*Publications*

1. *\"The African Renaissance\"*: Mbeki\'s vision for African development and unity.
2. *\"Letters from the Heart\":* A collection of his letters and speeches.

*Personal Life*

Mbeki married Zanele Dlamini in 1974, and they have no children.

After his presidency, Mbeki has continued to engage in African politics and economic development initiatives.