In just over a year, Africa has experienced three successful coups (two in Mali and one more recently in Guinea), one... moreIn just over a year, Africa has experienced three successful coups (two in Mali and one more recently in Guinea), one unsuccessful coup attempt in Niger, and an arbitrary military transfer of power in Chad following the assassination of its president.
These power grabs threaten a reversal of the democratization process Africa has undergone in the past two decades and a return to the era of coups as the norm.
According to one study, sub-Saharan Africa experienced 80 successful coups and 108 failed coup attempts between 1956 and 2001, an average of four a year. This figure halved in the period from then till 2019 as most African nations turned to democracy, only for it to once again be on the ascendance. Why?
Different decade, same problems
In the early postcolonial decades when coups were rampant, Africa's coup leaders virtually always offered the same reasons for toppling governments: corruption, mismanagement, poverty.
The leader of Guinea's recent coup, Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, echoed these justifications, citing "poverty and endemic corruption" as reasons for overthrowing 83 year old president Alpha Conde. The soldiers who led a coup in neighbouring Mali last year claimed "theft" and "bad governance" prompted their actions. Likewise, the Sudanese and Zimbabwean generals who toppled Omar al-Bashir in 2019 and Robert Mugabe in 2017 respectively, deployed similar arguments.
Guinean military officer says President Alpha Conde arrested, as apparent coup unfolds
Guinean military officer says President Alpha Conde arrested, as apparent coup unfolds
While well-worn, these justifications still resonate with many Africans today for the simple reason they continue to accurately depict the reality of their countries. Furthermore, in many countries, people feel these problems are worsening.
The research network Afrobarometer conducted surveys across 19 African countries which showed 6 in 10 respondents saying corruption is increasing in their country (the figure was 63% in Guinea) while 2 in 3 say their governments are doing a poor job fighting it.
Furthermore, 72% believe ordinary citizens "risk retaliation or other negative consequences" if they report corruption to authorities, a sign Africans believe their public institutions are not just partakers in, but active defenders of, corrupt systems.
When it comes to poverty, an already tragic situation has been worsened by the battering Africa's fragile economies took from the coronavirus pandemic.
One in three people are now unemployed in Nigeria, West Africa's largest economy. The same goes for South Africa, the most industrialized African nation. It is now estimated the number of extremely poor people in sub-Saharan Africa has crossed the 500 million mark, half the population.
This in the youngest continent in the world with a median age of 20 and a faster-growing population than anywhere else, further intensifying an already fierce competition for resources.
These conditions create fertile conditions for coups and for increasingly desperate young Africans who have lost patience with their corrupt leaders to welcome coupists promising radical change, as was witnessed on the streets of Guinea following the takeover, with some elated Guineans even kissing the soldiers.
But as with the coups of the 1970s these scenes of joy will likely be shortlived, says Joseph Sany, Vice President of the Africa Center at the United States Institute of Peace. "The initial reaction of what you see on the streets will be of joy, but very soon, people will be demanding action... and I'm not sure the military will be able to deliver on the expectations, basic service delivery, more freedoms," he says.
Threat to democratic gains
What is clear is that these coups pose a serious threat to the democratic gains African countries have made in recent decades. Worryingly, research shows that many Africans are increasingly ceasing to believe elections can deliver the leaders they want.
Surveys conducted across 19 African countries in 2019/20 showed just 4 in 10 respondents (42%) now believe elections work well to ensure "MPs reflect voters' views" and to "enable voters remove non-performing leaders."
In other words, less than half believe elections guarantee representativeness and accountability, key ingredients of functional democracies.
Across 11 countries polled regularly since 2008, the belief elections enable voters remove non-performing leaders has dropped by 11% points among citizens, according to the survey. It is not that Africans no longer want to choose their leaders via elections, it is simply that many now believe their political systems are gamed.
Leaders like the deposed Conde are part of the problem. The only reason he was still in power until the coup was because he engineered constitutional changes in 2020 to enable himself serve a third-term as president, a common practise by several leaders on the continent, from Uganda's Yoweri Museveni to Alassane Ouattara in... less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
Today's LED floodlights are very common, some are easy to load and unload, but some loading and unloading is very... moreToday's LED floodlights are very common, some are easy to load and unload, but some loading and unloading is very troublesome, so please do not install them without full control, because LED floodlights will be affected by various conditions. The following Outdoor Flood light manufacturers will share the correct installation process and installation considerations:
First, the installation process of LED floodlights:
1, install the guardrail, punch holes in the wall, according to the actual requirements, usually within 3 cm.
2, do anti-static measures, such as the workbench to be grounded, workers wear the corresponding electrostatic clothing, anti-static measures, due to different levels of LED floodlights of different quality, anti-static ability is also different.
3, installation attention to seal, poor sealing, diameter affects the service life of LED floodlights.
4, LED floodlight wiring is preferably no more than 25 cm, the transformer power can be lengthened accordingly, otherwise it will affect the brightness.
Second, LED floodlight installation instructions:
1. Try to use the series LED form because the LED floodlight voltage difference is special. The peak current of a normal LED is maintained at 80 mA and the reverse voltage is equal to or higher than 6 V. In LED applications, attention should be paid to the peak voltage and current of the circuit design.
2, the welding voltage is less than 25 watts, the soldering iron can only control 300 degrees Celsius under the SMD LED exposed at high temperature, do not squeeze the epoxy part, or wipe with a sharp hard object, because the LED light is very fragile, very Fragile, welding time is 3 seconds.
information about Outdoor Flood light : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/flood-light-honeycomb-series/ less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
Floodlights are one of the most widely used types of outdoor lighting. These devices include wall or post mounting bulb... moreFloodlights are one of the most widely used types of outdoor lighting. These devices include wall or post mounting bulb designs. Floodlights help stop thieves and vandals, as well as plenty of light for sports. Many stadiums use floodlights as lighting tools. Then, in addition to the floodlights, which lamps are also used outdoors, let's take a look at the Outdoor Flood light manufacturers:
Other types of outdoor lighting are primarily used for decorative purposes and tend to have less light than floodlights. These include wall siding, which is decorated with glass or surrounds a standard size bulb. Spotlights can also be used as a form of decorative lighting.
Entrance lights, such as wall-mounted lanterns, serve both decorative and functional purposes. They tend to have beautiful designs to promote the visual appeal of the home and the basic work lighting. Lights at the entrance, such as these help the owner find the key and open the door at night, or identify the visitor.
Landscape and road lighting to enhance the look of the outdoor space. The ground installation illuminates the sidewalk in the garden or outlines a patio or deck.
Outdoor luminaires of various materials produced by the manufacturer. Products made of brass or galvanized steel tend to hold up to prevent rust and corrosion, making untreated steel better. Use in coastal areas should be made of stainless steel to help prevent damage from salty ocean air.
When choosing outdoor lighting, buyers should be aware of the potential for light pollution. Allow excess light to interfere with neighbors or nearby businesses, while shielding the device directly to the light where it is needed.
information about Outdoor Flood light : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/flood-light-honeycomb-series/ less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
There are many types of lights today. In addition to traditional luminaires, the new classification of LED lights is also... moreThere are many types of lights today. In addition to traditional luminaires, the new classification of LED lights is also very diverse, so today we will discuss the knowledge about Led High bay.
As the name implies, Led High bay is a vast area such as factories, factories, warehouses, highway toll stations, gas stations, supermarkets, exhibition halls, stadiums and other places where lighting is required.
The characteristics of Led High bay are as follows:
1, super energy saving: 60% lower than the usual energy consumption.
2, high brightness: brightness is 3 times that of halogen lamps.
3, long life: equivalent to 3,600 days of continuous use, 3 hours a day.
4, the shell material is alloy material, easy to install, waterproof and shockproof performance is very good.
5, the light source is super white, almost as bright as daylight.
information about Led High bay : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/led-highbay/ less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
Today, Led High bay manufacturers come to share the precautions for the maintenance and use of led lights:
First, the... moreToday, Led High bay manufacturers come to share the precautions for the maintenance and use of led lights:
First, the maintenance of led lights:
Moisture protection is the key to the maintenance of LED lights (except special products). Avoid moisture to prevent moisture intrusion and avoid rust damage or short circuit.
Led lamps can be wiped with a dry rag. If you accidentally touch the water, try to dry it as much as possible. Do not wipe it with a damp cloth immediately after turning on the light.
Second, the use of led lights Note:
1. Avoid use in high temperature and high humidity environment
2. The inside of led lamps is mainly power supply. It is recommended that non-professionals do not load and unload the assembly themselves to avoid the danger of electric shock.
3. It is generally used when the ambient temperature is 5 to 40 °C.
4. The metal part of the led lighting fixture cannot be used freely with chemical agents such as polishing powder.
5. The dust behind the led lighting fixture should be cleaned with a dry cloth or tweezers.
information about Led High bay : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/led-highbay/ less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
LED wall washers allow the lights to wash across the wall like water. They are also used for building decoration lighting,... moreLED wall washers allow the lights to wash across the wall like water. They are also used for building decoration lighting, as well as for the induction of large buildings. Because LED has the characteristics of energy saving, high luminous efficiency, rich color and long life. Today, 200w Led Flood light manufacturers will discuss how to dissipate wall washers?
Whether the LED lamp is stable, the quality is good or not, and the heat dissipation of the lamp body itself is important. At present, the heat dissipation of the high-brightness LED lamp on the market usually adopts natural heat dissipation, and the effect is not satisfactory. The heat dissipation is not ideal, and the life of the lamp itself will be affected.
With the best thermal conductivity material, it will also be defeated by the thermal resistance. The air, the non-closed pores of the joint, the heat-dissipating gasket, the powder formed by the evaporation of the heat-dissipating paste, and the film thickness of the multi-layer thermal conductive film form thermal impedance. These multiple levels of thermal resistance can hinder the heat conduction rate, the heat conduction is very slow, and even the surface of the led lamp is not transmitted, and the heat is continuously accumulated. The white backlight ink on the surface of the aluminum substrate should not only be reflective, but also can disperse the heat of the lower layer through the backlight of the surface.
Therefore, LED wall washer manufacturers have not found that replacing the LED-specific backlight ink with a general white text ink is equivalent to adding a layer of hard paint to seal the heat. After many failures, wall washer manufacturers have accepted new ideas and processes and attacked from the overall cooling scheme. The aluminum substrate is replaced with a special heat-dissipating white backlight ink for LED coating. If a yellowish backlight ink is specified, the reflectance will be increased to 91%. Spraying between the copper foil substrate and the aluminum substrate with a soft ceramic heat-dissipating paint can reduce the use of the Japanese thermal conductive film and increase the breakdown voltage at a very low cost. To protect high-power wall washers from the climatic environment and to effectively conduct heat out, a cost-effective and effective method is to spray soft ceramic heat-dissipating paint. Only from the overall concept of heat dissipation, reducing the thermal resistance interference is the key to the acceptance of LED lamps. The luminaire protection enclosure should be free of traditional plating or baking varnish, which will seal the heat back into the luminaire.
information about 200w Led Flood light : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/flood-light-mars-series/high-power-200w-outdoor-slim-led-floodlight-ip65-mars-series.html less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
Today, Led High bay manufacturers share the performance characteristics of high ceiling lights:
1. The light source and... moreToday, Led High bay manufacturers share the performance characteristics of high ceiling lights:
1. The light source and electrical appliances all adopt international famous brands, the performance is reliable, and the brightness is about 20% higher than similar products.
2. The wiring part adopts the plug-in structure, which makes the installation more convenient and quick.
3, the use of imported reflector mirror, matte surface, especially suitable for a variety of high shed, high ceiling fixed lighting.
4. Different reflectors can be selected according to the needs of the environment:
A. Mirror surface: The reflector adopts imported high-purity aluminum plate. The parabola design has high reflectivity and small light projection angle.
B. Matte surface: The reflector adopts imported high-purity aluminum plate frosted surface to design high reflectivity and uniform light projection.
5. the characteristic structural design and high-quality materials have good dustproof and waterproof performance, never corroded, never rust.
6. boom-type, hanging chain installation, safe, simple and convenient.
information about Led High bay : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/led-highbay/ less
336# Tongning Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo Of China - Get Directions
At present, LED work lights are divided into hand-held, portable, portable mobile, self-generating large lamps and other... moreAt present, LED work lights are divided into hand-held, portable, portable mobile, self-generating large lamps and other types. The Led Work Light manufacturer describes several fixtures commonly used in the job.
Personal hand-held and hand-held work lights typically have high power, adjustable headlight angle, magnetic attraction and hands-free operation. It is generally designed as a multifunctional glare magnetic work light, which is a personal work light that is typically used for daily maintenance of the power grid. The bottom is equipped with strong magnetism and can be easily adsorbed on various ferrous metals.
Large-scale lighting work lights are generally used in large, long-term emergency construction sites. This site is usually not equipped with utility power and must be equipped with a self-powered generator. The generator power matches the luminaire.
Portable mobile work lights are standard equipment for attendance. Lightly loaded, it can be placed on a small construction site to meet the needs of on-site emergency lighting.
information about Led Work Light : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/led-work-light/ less
Today, the Led Work Light manufacturer comes to introduce the knowledge of the workbench lights:
Today's console work... moreToday, the Led Work Light manufacturer comes to introduce the knowledge of the workbench lights:
Today's console work lights are suitable for local lighting of medium and small lathes, planers, grinders, milling machines and other equipment. Incandescent machine work lights can also be used for work lighting such as fitters, laboratories, and maintenance. Halogen Tungsten Lamp Work Light Use: The light source uses halogen tungsten bulbs, and the console work light is suitable for lighting of various medium and small CNC machine tools, combination machine tools and general machine tools.
The workbench work light meets the requirements of moist acid and alkali, safe lighting in dust environment, dustproof and corrosion resistance of lamps, and the service life is up to 100,000 hours, which is 10 times of the life of traditional fluorescent tubes. The LED exposure light is 75~80% lighter than the traditional fluorescent tube. The light source has no ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, etc., and can avoid the secondary pollution of the mercury tube rupture and overflow, without overlapping, and will not produce glare.
Due to the long-term use in machine tools, the material requirements are extremely strict. The general machine work light is made of polycarbonate PPC, rubber handle, and the hook end is designed for convenient use. It meets the safe use standards; Flow through the voltage protection circuit, charging time 4-5 hours; battery cycle charging up to 500 times; charging can be used for 9 hours.
The installation of the work light of the operation console is relatively simple. Firstly, there is a screw hole in the mechanical installation position, and then the strong magnetic base is fixed so that the lamp holder is a strong magnet, which is suitable for any position of the machine; the lamp has a matching bracket and is screwed at the corresponding position of the machine. it’s OK.
information about Led Work Light : https://www.xiangruilight.com/product/led-work-light/ less
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