Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. One of the fastest-developing cities in Southern Africa, Lusaka is located in the southern part of the central plateau at an elevation of about 1,300 metres (4,265 feet). As of 2010, the city's population is about 1.7 million. Lusaka is the centre of both commerce and government in Zambia and connects to the country's four main highways heading north, south, east and west. English is the official language of the city, but Nyanja, and Bemba are also common. As national capital, Lusaka is the seat of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, epitomized by the presence of the National Assembly (parliament), the State House (office of the President), and the High Court. The Parliament is situated at the Parliament complex, which features a 15-story building. The city is also the capital of Lusaka Province, the smallest and most populous of the country's nine provinces, and forms an administrative district run by Lusaka City Council. In 2007, the mayor was Steven Chilatu (PF), and the deputy mayor was Mary Phiri. List of mayors:[2] F. Payne 1954–5 H.K.Mitchell 1955–6 Ralph Rich 1956–7 H.F. Tunaley 1957–8 H.K. Mitchell 1958–60 Jack Fischer 1960–1 Richard Sampson 1962–3 S.H. Chilesh 1964–5 W. Banda 1965–9 Fleefort Chirwa 1969–71?[3] Dr. Simon C. Mwewa up to 1982 List of Governors (decentralisation – one party participatory era) Dr. Simon C. Mwewa 1982 to 1983 Donald C. Sadoki Michael Sata Rupiah Banda Bautius Kapulu Lt. Muyoba – up to 1991 List of Mayors – Multi-Party Era John Chilambwe 1993–1994 Fisho Mwale 1994–1996 Gilbert R. Zimba Local Government Administrator – 1996–1999 Patricia Nawa Patrick Kangwa John Kabungo Levy Mkandawire Stephen Mposha Christine Nakazwe Stephen Chilatu Robert Chikwelete Daniel Chisenga –present. Lusaka was the site of a village named after its headman Lusaka, which, according to history, was located at Manda Hill, near where the Zambia's National Assembly building now stands. In the Nyanja language, Manda means graveyard. The area was expanded by European (mainly British) settlers in 1905 with the building of the railway. In 1935, due to its fairly central location, its situation on the railway and at the crossroads of the Great North Road and Great East Road, it was chosen to replace Livingstone as the capital of the British colony of Northern Rhodesia. After the federation of Northern and Southern Rhodesia in 1953, it was a centre of the independence movement amongst some of the educated elite that led to the creation of the Republic of Zambia. In 1964, Lusaka became the capital of the newly independent Zambia. In recent years, Lusaka has become a popular urban settlement for Zambians and tourists alike. Its central nature and fast growing infrastructure sector have increased donor confidence and as such Zambians are seeing signs of development in the form of job creation, housing, etc. Consequently, it is thought that with proper and effective economic reforms, Lusaka as well as Zambia as a whole will develop considerably. Lusaka is home to a diverse community of foreigners, many of whom work in the aid industry as well as diplomats, representatives of religious organizations and some business people. Zambia's highest institution of learning the University of Zambia is based in Lusaka. Lusaka has some of the finest schools in Zambia, including the American International School of Lusaka[2], International School of Lusaka, Rhodes Park School, the Lusaka International Community School, the French International School, the Italian international School, the Lusaka Islamic Cultural and Educational Foundation (LICEF), the Chinese International School, and Baobab College. Rhodes Park School is not an international school, though there is a large presence of Angolans, Nigerians, Congolese, South Africans, and Chinese. The children of the late President, Levy Mwanawasa as well as the children of Vice-President George Kunda, attend the Rhodes Park School. Attractions include Lusaka National Museum, the Political Museum, the Zintu Community Museum, the Freedom Statue, the Zambian National Assembly, the Agricultural Society Showgrounds (known for their annual agricultural show), the Moore Pottery Factory, the Lusaka Playhouse theatre, a cinema, the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Lusaka, a cenotaph, a golf club, the Lusaka Central Sports Club, and the zoo and botanical gardens of the Munda Wanga Environmental Park. The city is also home to the University of Zambia. Along Great East Road are the two largest shopping malls in Zambia, Arcades shopping mall (with open-air storefronts) and Manda Hill shopping mall (enclosed shops), which was recently revamped and is home to international stores such as Shoprite, Game and Woolworths, a new movie theater and boasts of the first KFC in the country. The city centre includes several blocks west of Cairo Road, around which lie the New City Market and Kamwala Market, a major shopping area, as well as the Zintu Community Museum. Further east lies the government area, including the State House and the various ministries, around the Cathedral Hill and Ridgeway areas. One of the main streets and points of interest upon business is the street of Cairo Road. Cairo Road was a section of the Great North Road and was so named because it is a link in Cecil Rhodes' then dream of a Cape to Cairo Road through British colonies in Africa. Some buildings along Cairo Road are the Findeco House (25 floors), Central Bank Building, Indeco House (19 floors), Zambia National Building Society Headquarters (20 floors), Old Zambia Lotto Head Office, Zambia National Commercial Bank (21 floors), Barclays Bank Zambia Head Office, Stanbic Bank Zambia Headquarters, Investrust Bank (18 floors). Airport: The city is home to Kenneth Kaunda International Airport, formerly known as Lusaka International Airport and lies on the railway line from Livingstone to Kitwe. This airport is the hub of Zambezi Airlines. Zambezi Airlines offers flights to Johannesburg, Ndola and Dar es Salaam. Lusaka International Airport is used as a public and military airport. There is also an old airport nearer to the center of the city that is no longer used by civilians, but occasionally used by the president. Bus: Bus services to towns surrounding Lusaka, such as Siavonga and Chirundu use the Lusaka City Market Bus and the inter-city bus terminus station and the city bus station (Kulima Towers Station). As the hosts of the 2012 Zone VI Games and the capital city of Zambia, Lusaka boasts a lot of sports infrastructure, including Nkholoma Stadium, Sunset Stadium, the Olympic Youth Development Centre, the Lusaka Golf Club and many other places. There is also an ultra-modern 60,000 seat stadium that is being built by China, which will be completed by the end of 2013. Tajikistan Dushanbe, Tajikistan, since 1966 United States Los Angeles, United States, since 1968 Russia Izhevsk, Russia. The rugby union players Corné Krige and George Gregan, who respectively captained the South Africa and Australia teams in both the 2002 and 2003 Tri Nations Series, were coincidentally born in the same hospital in Lusaka.[5][6][7] Krige's parents still live in Zambia. Amy Holmes (born in 1973 in Lusaka) is a news anchor on Glenn Beck's GBTV. She formerly was an independent political contributor for CNN and has appeared on Fox News. One of Lusaka's most notable residents is the famed physiotherapist Geetha Anbalagan. A Malaysian expatriate, Geetha is known by many as She Whose Hands Heal All Pain. She was voted Woman of the Year by the Lusaka Bakeries and Cafes Association for her patronage and support of their businesses in the city in 2012, as well as The Most Fantastic Person Alive by the Society for the Promotion of the Mariusian Way. Suburbs around Lusaka include Handsworth Park, Sunningdale, Kabulonga, Meanwood (Ndeke Village), Woodlands, Jesmondine, Acacia, Northmead, Olympia Park, Roma, Kalundu, Chelston, Avondale, Rhodes Park, Prospect Hill, Longacres, Fairview, Chainama Hills, State Lodge, Makeni, Emmasdale, Leopards Hill, New Kasama, Chalala, Ibex Hill, Kabwata (a working class area, home to the Kabwata Cultural Centre), Madras, Mass Media, Libala, Marshlands, Manda Hill, Chainda, Chudleigh, Kamwala, Kamwala South, Mwembeshi, Barlastone Park, Foxdale, Madras, NIPA, Mapepe, Lilayi, Presidential Housing Initiative(PHI) (originally named as the Bennie Mwiinga Housing Complex), Nyumba Yanga, Olympia Extension, Thorn Park, Twinpalm, Villa Elizabetha. Other residential areas and slums are Misisi, Ziwa Zakho, Shang'ombo, Shadreck, Matero, Mtendendere, Chaisa, Chawama, John Laing, Kalingalinga,George compound, Chipata Compound, Ng'ombe, Lilanda, Chunga, Mandevu, Garden Compound, Bauleni, Helen Kaunda, Kaunda Square (stage one and stage two), and Chilanga (Lusaka), Zambia. Primarily due to its high altitude, Lusaka features a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) according to Köppen climate classification. Its coldest month, July, has a monthly mean temperature of 14.9 °C (58.8 °F). Lusaka features hot summers and warm winters. The city's warmest month, October, sees monthly average high temperatures at around 32 °C (90 °F). Lusaka features a wet season and a dry season with the wet season predominating the year, lasting from October through April.